Khon Kaen is the second-largest of the north-eastern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Nongbua Lamphu, Udon Thani, Kalasin, Maha Sarakham, Buriram, Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum, Phetchabun and Loei.
Khon Kaen is located in the heart of the Khorat Plateau. The Chi River flows through this province.