Galls on goldenrods, those round balls that are so familiar, are made by a small fruit fly. This collage gives an idea of who makes the galls.

Photo #1 shows the adult goldenrod fly (Eurosta solidaginis). #2 is the formed gall which provides a shelter for the developing larva. #3 depicts a double gall, both opened by a squirrel who finds the fat larvae quite juicy! #4 gives a peek at the cocoon or pupa, formed by the larva. #5, the larva from the gall. #6 shows the adult goldenrod gall fly emerging from the cocoon.