Westerkerk, built in 1620-31, has the highest tower in the city at 85 meters (272 feet) and the largest nave of any Dutch Protestant church. It's just around the corner from the Anne Frank house and features frequently in her diary since the clock tower could be seen from the attic of the house she and her family were hiding from the Nazis in. She described the chiming of the clock as a source of comfort. Rembrandt was buried at this church in 1669, but his grave has never been located.
The shield with the three St. Andrew's Crosses is the coat of arms of Amsterdam and is now the official symbol of the city.
I was most interested in the tower of this church, but for a fuller view of it: