Right: General Feng's army, preparing to defend Beijing. Gertrude Bass Warner. PH014-40-45. The "Fengian army" was a faction of the Beiyang Army, an important military body that served the Beijing government. It grew out of the early rebellion against the Manchu empires, and was based on personal loyalty rather than institution. Control of this army gave Yuan Shih-kai the power to take over the early Republic, and kept the succeeding warlords in power in Beijing until 1928

http://library.uoregon.edu/speccoll/photo/warner/escape.html

5. Johan Wilhelm Normann Munthe (1864-1935) was a Norwegian who spent almost fifty years in China. He became a general in the Chinese army, and was also a noted collector of Chinese art. He supported an orphanage to which Gertrude contributed. Back.