This 66.9m tall citadel was a Genoese stronghold built in 1348 cross the Golden Horn inlet from Constantinople. During the Ottoman siege in 1453, the Genoese declared their neutrality but secretly supplied intelligence to the Turks. Thus, they had permission to operate their trading post here after the Ottoman conquest for about a century.

View from the Topkapi Palace. On the lower right are two campaign billboards for the ruling AK Party for the upcoming election.