Memorial for WW2 deaths at the Kyoto Ryozen-Gokoku Shrine 京都霊山護國神社, not to be confused with the infamous Yasukuni Shrine 靖国神社 in Tokyo, which enshrines and worships class A convicted war criminals like Hideki Tojo 東條 英機 as martyrs and venerable Shinto divinities.

Over 19 million Chinese, mostly civilians, died as a result of the war. The Japanese military suffered 2 million war deaths. Two of the units depicted here participated in the invasion: The 11th independent infantry battalion 独立歩兵第十一大隊 was part of the 62nd division occupying Shanxi, China. As the Pacific war situation worsened for Japan, it was transferred to Okinawa where it was decimated. The 109th infantry regiment 歩兵第一〇九聯隊 was part of the 116th division that landed in Shanghai in 1938 and occupied the Yangtze basin. In 1944, it invaded 衡陽 then 桂林 from 長沙. In 1945, it suffered huge casualty in the failed 湘西會戰 offense. Both of these units arrived in China after the infamous Rape of Nanking of 1937. I cannot find any information whether the 109th infantry regiment participated in the Changjiao Massacre 厂窖惨案 in May 1943 when 30,000 civilians were murdered in 4 days. This atrocity occurred in northern Hunan 湖南 where the 109th was stationed at that time