 Hanging out 'in camp', lots of great reading |
 Another meal overlooking Kilauea Iki crater |
 Incredible local sweet potatoes, "lady finger" bananas |
 Kilauea Iki cinder/ash cone and crater |
 Halema'uma'u plume and resultant "vog" volcanic fog |
 Kilauea Iki ("little Kilauea") cinder/ash cone (1959) |
 Coring of crater floor to see if lava solidified |
 Scientific instruments on Mauna Ulu (1974 eruption) |
 Lava gets its way, also called "repaving" |
 Wrinkles folding on pahoehoe surface |
 Whirly surface |
 Guts! Or is it brains? |
 You decide what this looks like |
 Ropey pahoehoe surface flow |
 Surface cools, interior keeps flowing |
 Smooth flow with turbulent center surface |
 Pahoehoe & heinous-travel loose a'a on R |
 Pahoehoe and a'a are essentialy identical chemically |
 Flow channel, small lava tube formed within |
 Larger lava flow channel |
 Spatter along edge of lava channel |
 Irridescence in lava rock |
 Reticulite, like pumice, but more extreme |
 The tree island mentioned in my story |
 Tree isl w/i subdivision, smoking lava |
 This (distant) was my 1st crossings (story) |
 Future "tree molds" when trees are gone |
 Flightseeing, one of many I hid from (story) |
 Hot, sooty travel up the left edge by that house |
 The smoky nasty a'a I crossed |
 Large lava tube hidden below surface |
 Lava tube below feeds the 3 "ocean entries" |
 Easy-travel, metallic-smelling pahoehoe |
 Halema'uma'u plume foretelling wind shift, park closure |
 This was a wonderful sighting! |
 Hot springs, like most volcanic areas |
 Imua, who helped me learn about coconuts |
 I wrestled the fibers off, he cracked lid with rock |
 What a novelty, the ultimate in fresh coconut milk |
 The "meat" is soft, slippery, jelly-like, tasty |
 Imua using his coconut hook |
 Using piece of outside to scrap up the "meat" |
 Machetes work great to open coconuts |
 Ate a week's worth of saturated fat this morning |
 Coconut grove by coast |
 Decades or more of harvest debris |
 How they sprout |
 Kapaho tide pools |
 Sub-pool on old lava |
 Coral and striped fish |
 Sea urchins eating holes into coral |
 Great snorkeling here |
 Beautiful! despite lame photo |
 Great to be here at low tide |
 More myterious coral |
 Some kind of brain coral(s?) |
 WHAT is this? Renee says "pencil urchin". Thx! |
 Tree molds from burned out trees |
 Another tree mold |
 These were along/below the above tree island |
 Base of a "lava tree": lava stuck, mostly fell off |
 Lava tree many decades later |
 Bigger lava tree now overgrown |
 Lava tree still with tree! 1974 flow |
 Can see the bark imprint |
 Some of the lava stuck, some fell off |
 Spatter on this one: next to fissure |
 This was an O'hia forest, native tree |
 Lava might have flowed back into source |
 Can see the fissure where the lava flowed from |
 Hmm |
 Spatter around crack that lava shot out from |
 Another cool spatter cone and source-hole |
 Spatter directly related to giraffe color patterns |
 Pu'uO'o, w/ wind as wish it had been that night (see story) |
 Offical viewpoint for "ocean entries" |
 Pu'uO'o is source of all the flowing lava |
 All 3 ocean entries from the other side |
 Ken and others filming ocean entry |
 Waves hitting the flow shoots up lava blobs |
 On-site, blobs look like blobs, not steaks |
 We were less than 50m away |
 Great to be out with a volcanologist |
 This area officially off limits to public |
 Amazing sounds accompanied the visuals |
 Radiant heat (look at skyline) showing hole site |
 Skylight (puka) in roof of lava tube |
 Gases escape as lava flows to ocean |
 Have to approach from upwind: heat, gases |
 Check out the lava-cicles! |
 Tossing in rocks to see the flow |
 Moving maybe 4-5mph? |
 Rock gives eye focal point in the brightness |
 So fun! |
 Still molten close to surface |
 Another skylight nearby |
 The other 2; less stable edges |
 View into fiery interior, prob 1800-1900F |
 Ken in his heat protection suit |
 Gathering samples for chemical analysis |
 Dumping the samples out to cool |
 Gathering samples of a sublimate (sublimated) |
 Rainforest switchback |
 'Ohelo, a vaccinium, like huckleberry |
 O'hia tree, early colonizer |
 O'hia flowers; dominant native tree |
 Lentana; problematic alien |
 Pothos-related giant coastal plants |
 Pothos-related, coastal forest |
 Ti, planted for good luck at house doorsteps |
 Wonderful dense rich rainforests |
 Giant tree ferns, native; beautiful |
 Tree fern frond, 1.5m in length |
 Tree fern fiddleheads, 1.5m tall or so |
 Tree fern fiddlehead, bigger than my palm |
 Buckhorn fern, native, much smaller |
 Rhizome-like buckhorn fern fiddlehead |
 Buckhorn fern takes over |
 Am'u fern, early colonizer of cooling lava |
 Steam vent with common offerings to Pele |
 Introduced but non-problematic orchid |
 Lava makes roads into trails |
 Funny to find chunks of road in backcountry |
 Ubiquitous warnings |
 Steam vents: hydrogen sulfide and more |
 I returned one night to the ocean entries |
 Flash almost hides orange just below this surface |
 Flowing lava on L, ocean-entry action on right |
 This was my return now that knew hazards |
 This 'break-out' was near an ocean entry |
 This time I was alone to enjoy the magic |
 Was actually orange, not purple |
 Flowing close to me, I hid frm heat behind ledge |
 Slow motion tip of flow, banged on it with a rock |
 Sounds were capitivating: creak, pop, snap |
 Smells too, metallic, acrid but not nasty |
 Watched this slowly irregularly move, for half hour |
 Flow stops in one place, restarts elsewhere |
 More distant view |
 How it might have looked by day |
 Should be orange. Night is best viewing |
 Visual, sound, scent, heat... all encompassing |
 Yay! Made it back to car before light |
 Halema'uma'u sub-crater in main Kilauea crater |
 This is the new eruption: ash, gas (sulfer dioxide) |
 Of great scientific attention: what will it do? |
 Wind change blew toxic gas to populous area, park closed |
 Another night hike, Halema'ma'u crater |
 400' above the crater, alive and kicking |
 This further exploded a few times in April |
 Cultural site in Park |
 Historic and current(?) use |
 These are petroglyphs: chipped into rock |
 (not pictographs: drawings) |
 Most were simple little holes |
 Read sign for purpose of holes |
 Maybe 2 kids from one family? Twins? |
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 These I found on coast. 2-3' across |
 Relentless crashing waves... |
 ...erode the basalt cliffs |
 Holei Sea Arch, one of many |
 When sitting on the edge above... |
 ... and a big wave comes crashing... |
 ...you sometimes feel the rock actually vibrate! |
 Waves flow into lava tube and back out |
 People fish from these cliffs! |
 Lava landscape in Volcanoes National Park |
 Different flows, slowly plants recolonize |
 A'a and pahoehoe flows, alien grass takes over |
 Harder for a'a to be colonized |
 Evidence of Polynesian settlement (trees) |
 Mass acreage of terrain like this |
 Another tree island on fault scarp (pali) |
 These tree islands provide seeds to colonize lava |
 Pahoehoe and a'a difference mostly flow temp |
 Another repaving job, road re-routed |
 Common warnings |
 Little lava tube in roadcut |
 Collapsed lava tube ceiling; hard access |
 Lava flowed back into this fissure |
 Looking out from one of MANY lava tubes |
 Crawled out of this slot! |
 Imagine the river of lava flowing within |
 Bifurcation within the flow; common |
 Not all tubes are smooth easy travel like this! |
 Some lava back-flow; easy access |
 This one in coastal forest |
 The entrance into the 'special' cave (see story) |
 Tubes emptying into sea, lava bench failure exposed them? |
 \\\\\Waves pouring into that same special cave.JPG |
 Lava-cicles, iron colored, gypsum crystals? |
 From Kazumura Cave, Harry said gypsum crystals |
 Different kinds of lava-cicles |
 Close up; can see where one broke off |
 Roots reaching down into old lava tubes |
 Magnesium ferrite coating |
 More of the common, beautiful metallic coating |
 40-mile long cave, this entrance on private land |
 Harry ready to give a really good cave tour |
 Entering Harry and Elloise's cave section |
 He built this door after vandalism incident |
 He and parents lightly developed cave section for tours |
 Gypsum crystals (orange is flashlite beam) |
 Iron bumps. Relatively well-studied cave |
 Some sort of bacteria |
 Slime molds |
 This is human introduced bacteria |
 Another cool unknown bacterial colony |
 This cave is actually very well studied |
 Lava drips |
 Formed in calm air/gases |
 Convective gas currents caused the weirdness |
 Gas winds blow these out of line |
 'Floaters' in the lava stuck to ceiling |
 That MgFe coating slipping; rare |
 Close-up of rare magnesim ferrite coating slip |
 Drips aligned by floaters breaking off others |
 Chocolate drips! |
 Awaiting the results for what this is |
 Important not to touch features |
 Rare effects of super-powered convective wind |
 These fins point uphill to flow, toward skylight gas vent |
 Lobes related to eddies in lava currents |
 Fins on eddy lobes. These are all rare features |
 Eddy chain within lava flow |
 Eddy and gas current features |
 Possibly a floater attached on ceiling? Or eddy |
 Meter across; probably related to current turbulence |
 Mongoose got in, not out. (Bird-killing alien) |
 Another destructive alien trapped in cave. Oink |
 Harry leaving their entrance to cave |
 Too Much Fun! |