A castle was first established on the site of Shiroishi-jō by the Katta clan in the Kamakura era. Held by the Date clan from the Sengoku period, the castle was captured by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1591 and given to the Gamō clan. Date Masamune successfully reclaimed the castle in 1600 following the Battle of Sekigahara, after which it was held by the Katakura family. Despite the fact that it lay within the Sendai Domain, Shiroishi-jō was allowed to remain standing (even though its presence alongside Sendai's Aoba-jō exceeded the "one castle per domain" rule). The new Meiji government took over the site from 1869, and the castle was demolished six years later. The present wooden reconstruction was completed in 1995.