This relatively new lava field was created when Santiago's volcano erupted in 1897. The once molten magma cooled into coils of lava known as "Panoehoe," (Hawaiian for "rope.") The patterns created by these rope-like lava coils were fascinating -- I made well over 100 images as I walked across this vast lava field. This photograph, which plays a horizontal set of coils at the bottom of the frame against a vertical pair of coils in the top half of the frame, best expresses the geological forces that created the Galapagos Islands. I converted the image to black and white to remove any trace of color, greatly simplifying the thrusts and flows of lava that carry the eye through the frame.