I zoomed this example out to a bit longer focal length than I did for the previous example, which allows me to retain the scale of the waterfall and its relationship to the canyon. Only this time, I’ve also turned the camera in my hands, creating a vertical frame and changing the emphasis entirely. Now my story is about the Yellowstone River itself, as it pours out of the waterfall and twists and turns its way down the canyon. It is, in essence, a cropped version of the previous example. A zoom lens is a cropping, framing and magnification tool. By zooming the lens slightly, and rotating the camera from a horizontal to vertical orientation, I completely change the meaning of the picture.