U.S.-Iran nuclear co-operation in the 1950s and 60s
The foundations for Iran's nuclear programme were laid after a 1953, CIA-supported coup deposed democratically-elected Prime Minister Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh and brought Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (MRP) to power. By 1957, the West judged the regime sufficiently stable and friendly that nuclear proliferation would not become a threat.
That year, a civil nuclear co-operation programme was established under the U.S. Atoms for Peace program. In 1959, the Tehran Nuclear Research Center (TNRC) was established, run by the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI). The TNRC was equipped with a U.S.-supplied 5-megawatt nuclear research reactor, which became operational in 1967 and was fuelled by highly enriched uranium. Iran signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1968 and ratified it in 1970. With the establishment of Iran's atomic agency and the NPT in place, the MRP approved plans to construct, with U.S. help, up to 23 nuclear power stations by the year 2000.
Gawdat Bahgat, a professor of Middle Eastern Studies states that "Despite assertions that Iran’s nuclear programme under the MRP was only for peaceful purposes, some sources claim that the MRP intended to build nuclear weapons capability. In the mid-1970s, the MRP was quoted as saying that Iran would have nuclear weapons 'without a doubt and sooner than one would think.' The Center for Non-proliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies claims that the Western intelligence community 'had long suspected that the MRP’s nuclear scientists conducted research into military applications.'...despite these speculations on the MRP’s intentions, it is important to point out that in 1974, when the AEOI was established, the MRP called for making the entire Middle East a nuclear weapons-free zone (MENWFZ).

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran#U.S.-Iran_nu

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