Otto Wagner church and hospital in Vienna are the best local Art Nouveau attraction and especially the Jugendstil of Austria.

Otto Wagner Church or Steinhof Church, (Kirche am Steinhof) - also called the Church of St. Leopold, is the Roman Catholic oratory of the Steinhof Psychiatric Hospital in Vienna.
The building is considered one of the most important Art Nouveau churches in the world.

The church dedicated to Saint Leopold was built between 1903 and 1907 by the 63-year-old architect Otto Wagner. Often called the father of modernism, Wagner experimented with new shapes and forms of ornamentation. He enlisted many artists and artisans who were part of Vienna's Secessionist movement to help decorate the building. The sculptural angels atop the entry portico were created by Othmar Schimkowitz, the mosaics and stained glass by Koloman Moser.

The copper-covered dome of this prime example of Viennese Art Nouveau architecture is visible from quite a distance, as the church stands high on the crest of the hill.

The Church of St. Leopold is part of a larger psychiatric complex, which Wagner designed at the turn of the 20th century.
Otto Wagner Hospital - former Steinhof Mental Hospital - was originally a psychiatric hospital and center for pulmonology. It was built according to the plans of architect Otto Wagner and opened in 1907.
The complex is made up of 60 pavilions that were designed by Carlo von Boog.

The center also hosts the Memorial to the History of Nazi-Medicine in Vienna (Gedenkstätte zur Geschichte der NS-Medizin in Wien) and exhibition, opened in May 2002.

In 1938, the Steinhof Mental Hospital (today the Otto Wagner Hospital) became the central "euthanasia killing centre" of Vienna. Until 1941, 7,500 patients were systematically murdered at Steinhof as part of the so-called "Action T4". After the program was officially disbanded, patients died through malnutrition and systematic neglect.

Some 800 ill or handicapped children and youths were murdered by medical personnel in the so-called "Children's Ward".