The view from Anavarza’s upper city (on top of the mountain ridge), when looking to the East, in the direction of the castle of Amuda/Hemite. A chain of Byzantine-Armenian castles (Sis, Anavarza, Yılanlı Kale, Toprakkale, Hemite Kalesi, Tumlu Kale) defended the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia; they had visual contact with each other, so that the presence of intruding enemies could swiftly be noticed to all strongholds by smoke signals (by day) or fires (by night).

Correspondent: J.M.Criel, Antwerpen.
Sources: ‘Guides Bleus: Turquie’ – Edition 1986 , ‘Guide Fodor: Turquie’ - Edition 1988
& Personal Visits (1985-1999).