The citadel - started under Theodosius the Great (second half 4th century AD), but extended continuously - with the 19th century clocktower. I include some pictures from its walls, overlooking lower lying parts of town.

The clock tower, which was built as a minaret for the Inner Castle Mosque in Erzurum during the reign of Saltuklu ruler Emir Muzaffer Gazi in 1174 and adjacent to the wall of the Inner Castle, was used as a watchtower in the past.

In the 21-meter-high clock tower called "Tepsi Minaret" or "Tower" located in Erzurum Castle, which is the continuation of the Seljuk tradition in Anatolia, there is a wooden section where the clock is placed. The exact date is unknown and it is believed that the clock was placed in the tower before 1843.